Which system is led by a magistrate in investigations and emphasizes objective truth?

• A. Inquisitorial System
• B. Adversarial System
• C. Crime Control Model
• D. Due Process Model

Answer: (A)

The inquisitorial system centers on a magistrate guiding the investigation to uncover the truth. In this setup, the judge or magistrate actively directs evidence gathering, questions witnesses, and oversees the collection and evaluation of material to construct a coherent factual record. The goal is objective truth, achieved through a formal, collaborative inquiry rather than a battle between opposing sides. This is typical in civil-law countries where the judiciary plays a proactive role in fact-finding and decision-making.

In contrast, the adversarial system relies on two sides presenting evidence to a neutral judge or jury, with truth emerging from their contest and the judge acting mainly as an umpire. The Crime Control Model prioritizes swift, efficient punishment and crime reduction, while the Due Process Model emphasizes protecting individual rights and procedural safeguards. None of these emphasize a magistrate-led investigation aimed at an objective truth in the same way as the inquisitorial approach.