Which system aims to establish objective truth through judicial investigation, but overcrowding leads to negotiated guilty pleas and simplified settlements?

• A. Adversarial System
• B. Crime Control Model
• C. Inquisitorial System
• D. Due Process Model

Answer: (C)

The key idea is that truth is sought through a judge-led investigation rather than a purely adversarial contest. Inquisitorial systems place the judge at the center of fact-finding: the judge directs inquiries, gathers evidence, questions witnesses, and uses the collected material to determine what actually happened. When courts are overwhelmed with cases, this approach can still face pressure to clear dockets, leading to negotiated guilty pleas and simplified settlements as practical shortcuts to resolve cases quickly while maintaining the emphasis on uncovering facts.

Other models don’t fit as well. An adversarial system relies on contest between prosecution and defense, with truth arising from adversarial argument and cross-examination rather than a centralized investigation. A crime-control emphasis prioritizes speed and efficiency, sometimes at the expense of the thorough, truth-seeking process. A due-process focus centers on protecting defendants’ rights and ensuring fair procedures, which can limit broad plea bargaining if it compromises due process.