Which of the following is NOT a valid basis for warrantless search?

• A. In urgent circumstances.
• B. With consent.
• C. Under statutory exceptions for certain offenses or items.
• D. Random checks without any legal basis.

Answer: (D)

Warrantless searches are allowed only when there is a legally recognized exception that justifies skipping a warrant. Urgent or exigent circumstances justify acting quickly to prevent harm or destruction of evidence, consent by someone with authority can authorize a search without a warrant, and certain statutory or regulatory exceptions authorize specific searches for particular offenses or items. A blanket, random search with no suspicion and no legal authorization does not fit any of these recognized bases; it would be arbitrary and violate protections against unreasonable searches. Therefore, random checks without any legal basis are not a valid basis for a warrantless search.