Which article governs the need for a court order for online surveillance unless urgent?

• A. Art 100a
• B. Art 100b
• C. Art 100e
• D. Art 102

Answer: (C)

The rule here centers on how electronic surveillance is overseen to balance privacy with security. In this framework, intercepting online communications normally requires a court order to ensure the action is justified and narrowly tailored. The article that governs this, including how an urgent situation can alter the usual requirement, is Article 100e. It establishes that online surveillance needs a court order, but provides for an urgent exception: when immediate action is necessary, investigators may proceed without the order up front, with the expectation that authorization will be obtained as soon as possible after the fact and the urgency will be reviewed. This framing helps explain why that article is the correct reference for the rule about needing a court order unless the situation is urgent.